(To learn where the JFK speed-reading story came from, click here.) But skimming isn’t reading. JFK, he says, probably read 500-600 words a minute-that’s very fast-and perhaps could skim 1,000 words per minute. Carver thinks all three of these examples are bunk. The last two examples are gleaned from a 1985 study in Reading Research Quarterly, by Ronald Carver, a professor of education research and psychology at the University of Missouri-Kansas City. The speed-reading huckster Evelyn Wood claimed that a professor boasted of consuming more than 2,500 words per minute “with outstanding recall and comprehension.” A 1963 study purported to find one person who read 17,040 words per minute. Kennedy was said to read 1,200 words per minute. What about the far end of the bell curve? Isn’t it possible there are a handful of super-smart Aloysiuses out there who can read much faster than everybody else? John F. The majority of these college-level readers reads about 300 words per minute. Add all these fixations and saccades and comprehension pauses together and you end up with about 95 percent of all college-level readers reading between 200 and 400 words per minute, according to Keith Rayner, a psycholinguist at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. That takes roughly 0.3 to 0.5 seconds on average. After this is repeated once or twice, you pause to comprehend the phrase you just looked at. This is called a “saccade,” and it takes up to about. You move your eye to the next word or group of words. This is called a “fixation,” and it takes about. When you factor out the amount of time spent thinking through complex and unfamiliar concepts-a rarity when people read for pleasure-reading is an appallingly mechanical process. Within the contentious world of reading theory, there is unanimity on this point. Studies show that people who read at or above the college level all read at about the same speed when they read for pleasure. Aloysius doesn’t read 10 times faster, because Aloysius can’t read 10 times faster. The holiday is observed on the third Monday of January each year, around the time of Dr King's birthday.But Bartholomew has it wrong. Day was introduced as a special day, to celebrate his work and lifetime achievements. He was shot and killed in Memphis, Tennessee, in 1968 while attending a rally there. He was awarded the Nobel Peace prize in 1964, but he did not live to see the final results of his life's work. In 1963, Dr King organized a March to Washington D.C, where he delivered his famous I Have a Dream speech, which expressed his ideas and hopes for the future. Black activists were beaten and arrested. Sadly, some of the freedom rides turned violent. These protests became known as freedom rides. An organization called the Southern Christian Leadership Conference was formed to guide it, and Martin Luther King became its president.ĭoctor King helped organize many protests in the southern part of the United States.
The civil rights movement spread quickly in the southern part of the United States. They saw that peaceful protest could be used as a tool to win their legal rights.ĭr King became well known throughout the world and he was often asked to speak about his ideas on non-violence.
The ruling gave black people a new feeling of pride and unity. The Montgomery bus boycott lasted 382 days, and ended when the United States Supreme Court ruled that racial separation was illegal in the Montgomery bus system. The boycott began after Rosa Parks, a black woman who lived in Montgomery, was arrested for sitting in the white part of a city bus. In 1954, Martin and Coretta moved to Montgomery, Alabama, after he was offered a job as a Baptist Minister.ĭr King became a civil rights activist early on in his career, and led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott. He completed his studies in 1951, and obtained his doctorate degree in religion. He moved north to study in Boston when he was 22, and it was there that he met and married his wife, Coretta. Martin discovered he had a gift for public speaking while he was at university, and he decided to become a preacher. He attended Morehouse College, one of the few universities in Atlanta where black students were allowed to study at the time. He was only fifteen when he graduated from high school, and became ready to enter university.
Martin enjoyed learning, and he passed through school very quickly. Black students in Atlanta were forced to attend separate schools, and live in separate areas of the city, under a system known as segregation. They were often poorer and less well educated than white people. He was born into a religious family and his father was a preacher at a Baptist church.īlack people in the southern part of the United States did not have equal rights when Dr King was growing up. Martin Luther King was born in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1929.
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